摘要：两甾，又名“两锱”，战国中晚期秦国所铸圜钱。两甾钱铸于秦昭王十六年（前291）至秦昭王四十一年（前266）。“铸主”为穰侯魏冉、泾阳君公子市；“铸地”在穰城（今河南南阳）；流通于魏冉和公子市的封地，仅少数流通到域外。先秦“两甾”铜钱两甾，又...
两甾，又名“两锱”，战国中晚期秦国所铸圜钱。两甾钱铸于秦昭王十六年（前291）至秦昭王四十一年（前266）。“铸主”为穰侯魏冉、泾阳君公子市；“铸地”在穰城（今河南南阳）；流通于魏冉和公子市的封地，仅少数流通到域外。
先秦“两甾”铜钱
两甾，又名“秦两锱”，是钱文作"两甾"的圜钱，是战国晚期(约公元前3世纪)秦国所铸的环钱。方孔，一种有外郭，一种无外郭，背平素。“甾”即“锱”字省，一锱为六铢，两锱为十二铢，即半两。无内外郭，背平素。半两即两锱。《汉书·食货志》：“秦兼天下，币为二等：黄金以溢为名，上币；铜钱质如周钱，文曰半两，重如其文。”。记值上，一甾为六铢，两甾为十二铢，也就是半两，也就是半两的异形钱。其形制是外圆内方，初期没有廓、后期可以见外廓，钱背平素无文。两甾钱与半两钱其值相同，曾同时流行通用于世，但后期逐渐为半两钱所代替。
成语中的“锱铢必较”中的锱、铢也是指的这个时期的重量单位。
先秦及秦汉货币计量衡制。1錙=6铢，1两=24铢=4錙。而它们都基于两个最小计量单位：“黍”和“累”（絫），即1粒黍的重量，10黍为累，600黍为錙。推算下来，100黍为1铢，而1两就是2400黍了。
一布当货泉二十五，亦当暂时留用的大泉五十钱二十五枚。货布制作较“十布”厚实工整，面背及穿孔有廓，中竖线止于穿下，“货布”二字作垂针篆列于两侧，书体潇洒俊逸。现收藏于开封饮食文化博物馆
“货布”为王莽钱之代表、大汉钱之王者、中国钱之最美！在王莽短暂的统治时期，枚枚制作工整精良，从未见粗制滥造者。
王莽的新朝政权是大汉王朝中一个特殊时期，仅有十几年国祚。况且货布并非新莽朝开始就不停的铸造，而是第四次币制改革的产物，铸造量有限，基本上一枚难求 。货布十分精美，乃至它铸造出来之后，刚一面向市场流通，便被人们收藏起来，因此，本来铸量就少的货布，流通量非常有限，存世相当稀缺，收藏价值不言而喻。
新莽货布
货布流传古今 寓意财运吉祥
明代“博古图”将货布列为象征财运的吉祥钱。此外，货布花钱也流传于世，在当时被列为财运吉祥的象征。货布寓意非常广泛。出嫁用的压箱钱、婚礼用的撒帐钱、祝寿用的挂杖钱等都使用货布。
黑漆古：古铜长期存放在大气中锈蚀机理分析紫铜、青铜、黄铜在大气中都很稳定，一般小于0.00015毫米/年，在铜表面会生成一层极稳定的保护薄膜，主要是碱式硫酸铜呈橄榄绿色，还会产生氧化铜（CuO）中黑色，硫化亚铜黑色，及氧化亚锡（SnO)棕黑色。年代越久则锈层加厚颜色也变深，俗称为“黑漆古”，若长期在手中把玩则会使表面光亮如镜俗称“传世古”。但在这类古铜中也产生电化学腐蚀，故是“哑声‘。若古铜长期在干燥的环境中（大气中或土中）也会产生氧化铜和氧化亚金星呈深黑色，俗称“黑漆古”。
货布上一穿孔，下为铲形，文字为币值，由右至左，由上往下而读，此钱币，整体颜色氧化成黑色，为典型的黑漆古包浆，开门到代，为新莽精品货布。
“货布” 流传至今，已成为代表财富的符号。现在许多银行、金融机构都用“货布”的图案作为行业标记。在我国第三套人民币水印底纹中也能看到此种古钱币的造型。
这枚货布正反面氧化一致形成黑漆古包浆，让人一看就极具年代感，字体精美清晰，底光柔和，货布距今时间跨度极大，品相好的更是极其罕见，正是有了这层黑漆包浆，有如一层保护膜保护着钱币，才会时隔几千年我们还能看到如此完美的货币，如今可谓是一币难求，可谓是千金易得，一宝难求。
英文翻译：Two steroids, also known as "two Gids", the warring States in the late Qin cast won money. The coins were cast from the 16th year of King Zhao of Qin (291 BC) to the 41st year of King Zhao of Qin (266 BC). "Cast master" for Hou Wei Ran, Jingyang Lord Childe City; The "Casting Place" was located in Core Cheng (today"s Nanyang, Henan Province). Only a few of the fiefdoms circulating in Wei Ran and Childe city circulated outside the region.
Pre-qin "two steroids" copper coins
Two steroids, also known as "Qin Two Gids", is money text for "two steroids" won money, is late Warring States period (about the 3rd century BC) qin cast ring money. Square hole, one with guo, one without guo, back plain. "Steroid" namely "gids" province, one is six baht, two is twelve baht, namely half two. No internal and external guo, back plain. We are divided in half to two lengths. "Book of Han · Food and Goods Annals" : "Qin And the world, the currency for the second class: gold to overflow for the name, on the currency; Copper coins are of the same quality as zhou coins. . Remember value, a steroid is six baht, two steroids is twelve baht, namely half, namely half of the special-shaped money. Its shape is round outside and square inside. There is no outline in the early stage and no outline in the later stage. Two steroidal money and half two money of the same value, was popular at the same time in the world, but later gradually replaced by half two money.
The idiom "gnawing over every penny" also refers to the unit of weight in this period.
The pre-Qin and Qin-Han monetary system. 1 to 6 baht, 1 to 24 baht to 4. And they are all based on two minimal units of measurement: "millet" and "tired" (絫), that is, the weight of 1 grain of millet, 10 grains are tired and 600 grains are gids. Extrapolate 100 millet for 1 baht, and 1 liang for 2400 millet.
A cloth shall be twenty-five coins, and a large spring shall be fifty coins and twenty-five coins for temporary use. Goods cloth production thicker than "ten cloth" neat, face back and perforation profile, vertical line stop in the wear, "goods cloth" two words as vertical needle seal on both sides of the book, handsome and elegant. Now it is collected in kaifeng Food Culture Museum
"Goods cloth" is the representative of Wang Mang money, the king of han money, the most beautiful money in China! During the brief reign of Wang Mang, the pieces were perfectly made, and no one was ever seen shoddily made.
The new regime of Wang Mang was a special period in the Han dynasty, which lasted only a dozen years. Besides, the cloth was not cast from the beginning of the Xinmang Dynasty, but the product of the fourth currency reform. The amount of casting was limited, and basically a hard to find. Cloth is very beautiful, and even after it is cast out, just a circulation for the market, it is collected by people, therefore, the original cast amount of cloth, circulation is very limited, the existence is quite scarce, the collection value is self-evident.
XinMang cargo cloth
Cloth spread ancient and modern implied good fortune
In the Ming Dynasty, "Bogutu" listed goods as a symbol of good fortune money. In addition, cloth money also spread in the world, at that time was listed as a symbol of good fortune. Fabric meaning is very broad. Get married with the box money, the wedding with the spread of money, birthday with the hanging rod money and so on all use goods cloth.
Black lacquer: Bronze long-term in atmospheric corrosion mechanism analysis of copper, bronze, brass in the atmosphere is very stable, generally less than 0.00015 mm/year, in the copper surface generates a very stable layer of protective film, mainly alkaline type copper sulfate in olive green, also can produce copper oxide (CuO) in black, cuprous sulphur black, and stannous oxide (SnO), dark brown. As time goes by, the rust layer thickens and the color becomes darker, commonly known as "black lacquer ancient". If it is played in the hand for a long time, it will make the surface bright as a mirror, commonly known as "handed down ancient". But in this kind of copper also produce electrochemical corrosion, so it is "dumb sound". If copper in a dry environment for a long time (in the atmosphere or in the soil) will also produce copper oxide and Venus oxide is dark black, commonly known as "black lacquer ancient".
Cloth on a perforated, shovel shaped, the text is the value of the currency, from right to left, read from top to bottom, the coin, the overall color oxidation into black, for the typical black paint ancient pulp, open the door to generation, for xinmang boutique cloth.
"Goods cloth" spread today, has become a symbol of wealth. Now many banks and financial institutions use the pattern of "goods cloth" as the industry mark. The shape of this ancient coin can also be seen in China"s third set of RMB watermarking shading.
The positive and negative cargo cloth oxidation agreement to form black paint old wrapped slurry, let a person a see s feeling extremely, the font clear, fine bottom light is downy, cargo cloth - time span is great, quality good is extremely rare, it is this layer of black paint wrapped slurry, is like a layer of protective film to protect the coin, is thousands of years can we still see such a perfect currency, is now a currency is hard to find, A treasure is easy to get, but hard to find.
